January 1 Cattle Inventory Down 1 Percent
All cattle and calves in the United States as of January 1, 2025 totaled 86.7 million head, 1 percent below the 87.2 million head on January 1, 2024.
All cows and heifers that have calved, at 37.2 million head, were slightly below the 37.4 million head on January 1, 2024. Beef cows, at 27.9 million head, were down 1 percent from a year ago. Milk cows, at 9.35 million head, were up slightly from the previous year.
All heifers 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2025 totaled 18.2 million head, 1 percent below the 18.3 million head on January 1, 2024. Beef replacement heifers, at 4.67 million head, were down 1 percent from a year ago. Milk replacement heifers, at 3.91 million head, were down 1 percent from the previous year. Other heifers, at 9.59 million head, were 1 percent below a year earlier.
Steers weighing 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2025 totaled 15.8 million head, down 1 percent from January 1, 2024.
Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2025 totaled 2.01 million head, down 1 percent from January 1, 2024.
Calves under 500 pounds as of January 1, 2025 totaled 13.5 million head, down slightly from January 1, 2024.
Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for all feedlots totaled 14.3 million head on January 1, 2025. The inventory is down 1 percent from the January 1, 2024 total of 14.4 million head. Cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head accounted for 82.7 percent of the total cattle on feed on January 1, 2025, up slightly from the previous year. The combined total of calves under 500 pounds and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds (outside of feedlots), at 24.6 million head, was slightly below January 1, 2024.
Calf Crop Down Slightly
The 2024 calf crop in the United States was estimated at 33.5 million head, down slightly from the previous year's calf crop. Calves born during the first half of 2024 were estimated at 24.6 million head, down slightly from the first half of 2023. Calves born during the second half of 2024 were estimated at 8.93 million head, 27 percent of the total 2024 calf crop.
NEBRASKA JANUARY 1 CATTLE INVENTORY
All cattle and calves in Nebraska as of January 1, 2025 totaled 6.05 million head, down 3% from January 1, 2024, according to the USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service.
All cows and heifers that had calved totaled 1.60 million head, down 3% from last year.
Beef cows totaled 1.55 million head, down 3% from last year.
Milk cows totaled 48,000 head, down 9% from January 1, 2024.
All heifers 500 pounds and over totaled 1.78 million head, down 2% from last year.
Steers weighing 500 pounds and over totaled 2.29 million head, down 3% from last year.
Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over totaled 80,000 head, down 20% from last year.
Calves under 500 pounds totaled 300,000 head, down 6% from January 1, 2024.
All cattle on feed fed for slaughter in Nebraska feedlots totaled 2.70 million head, down 2% from the previous year.
The 2024 calf crop totaled 1.51 million head, down 4% from 2023.
Iowa Cattle & Calves
All cattle and calves in Iowa as of January 1, 2025, totaled 3.50 million head, according to the latest USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service – Cattle report. This was up 50,000 head from January 1, 2024. Beef cows, at 825,000 head, were up 15,000 head from last year. Milk cow inventory was up 5,000 head at 245,000 head.
All heifers 500 pounds and over were up 4 percent at 720,000 head. Heifers for beef cow replacement were up 10 percent from 2024 at 110,000 head; heifers for milk cow replacement, at 110,000 head, were down 8 percent from the previous year; and all other heifers were up 6 percent at 500,000 head.
Steers weighing 500 pounds and over were unchanged from last year at 1.18 million head. Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over were unchanged at 60,000 head. Calves under 500 pounds on January 1, 2025, totaled 470,000 head, unchanged from last year.
The 2024 calf crop was estimated at 1.02 million head, up 2 percent from the 2023 calf crop. Cattle and calves on feed for slaughter in all feedlots on January 1, 2025, totaled 1.21 million head, up 3 percent from one year ago.
January 1 Sheep and Lambs Inventory Up Slightly
All sheep and lambs inventory in the United States on January 1, 2025 totaled 5.05 million head, up slightly from 2024. Breeding sheep inventory at 3.68 million head on January 1, 2025, increased slightly from 3.67 million head on January 1, 2024. Ewes one year old and older, at 2.88 million head, were slightly above last year. Market sheep and lambs on January 1, 2025 totaled 1.37 million head, up 1 percent from January 1, 2024. Market lambs comprised 94 percent of the total market inventory. Market sheep comprised the remaining 6 percent of total market inventory.
The 2024 lamb crop of 3.04 million head was up slightly from 2023. The 2024 lambing rate was 106 lambs per 100 ewes one year old and older on January 1, 2024, up 3 percent from 2023.
Shorn wool production in the United States during 2024 was 22.5 million pounds, down 1 percent from 2023. Sheep and lambs shorn totaled 3.17 million head, down 2 percent from 2023. The average price paid for wool sold in 2024 was $1.43 per pound for a total value of 32.1 million dollars, down 9 percent from 35.4 million dollars in 2023. As of January 1, 2025, 27 percent of the total sheep and lambs were hair sheep or wool hair crosses.
Sheep death loss during 2024 totaled 200,000 head, unchanged from 2023. Lamb death loss increased 1 percent from 365,000 head to 370,000 head in 2024.
January 1 All Goats and Kids Inventory Up 1 Percent
All goats and kids inventory in the United States on January 1, 2025 totaled 2.51 million head, up 1 percent from 2024. Breeding goat inventory totaled 2.07 million head, up 1 percent from 2024. Does one year old and older, at 1.54 million head, were 2 percent above last year's number. Market goats and kids totaled 442,000 head, up 2 percent from a year ago.
Kid crop for 2024 totaled 1.52 million head for all goats, down 1 percent from 2023.
Meat and all other goats totaled 1.98 million head on January 1, 2025, up 1 percent from 2024. Milk goat inventory was 430,000 head, up 4 percent from January 1, 2024, while angora goats were down 3 percent, totaling 102,000 head.
Mohair production in the United States during 2024 was 500,000 pounds. Goats and kids clipped totaled 92,000 head. Average weight per clip was 5.4 pounds. Mohair price was $6.48 per pound with a value of 3.24 million dollars.
NEBRASKA JANUARY 1 SHEEP AND GOATS
All sheep and lamb inventory in Nebraska on January 1, 2025, totaled 74,000 head, down 2,000 from last year, according to the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.
Breeding sheep inventory totaled 57,000 head, down 2,000 from last year. Ewes one year and older totaled 47,000 head, down 1,000 from the previous year. Rams one year and older totaled 3,000, unchanged from last year. Total replacement lambs totaled 7,000 head, down 1,000 from last year.
Market sheep and lambs totaled 17,000 head, unchanged from last year.
The 2024 lamb crop totaled 62,000 head, down 2,000 from 2023. The 2024 lambing rate was 129 per 100 ewes one year and older, compared with 125 in 2023.
Sheep deaths totaled 3,000 head, unchanged from last year. Lamb deaths totaled 8,000 head, unchanged from last year.
Sheep and lambs slaughtered on farm totaled 2,000 head, up 1,000 from last year.
Shorn wool production during 2024 was 250,000 pounds, up 5,000 from 2023. Sheep and lambs shorn totaled 34,000 head, down 1,000 from 2023. Weight per fleece was 7.4 pounds, up 0.4 from 2023. The average price paid for wool sold in 2024 was $0.70 per pound, compared with $0.75 in 2023. The total value of wool produced in Nebraska was 175,000 dollars in 2024.
All meat and other goats and kids inventory in Nebraska on January 1, 2025, totaled 30,000 head. Milk goats and kids inventory totaled 2,900 head, down 600 from last year.
Iowa Sheep and Goats
All sheep and lambs inventory in Iowa as of January 1, 2025, totaled 161,000 head, up 6,000 head from 2024, according to the latest USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service – Sheep and Goats report. Total breeding stock, at 117,000 head, was 6 percent above one year ago. Market sheep and lambs decreased 2 percent from a year ago and totaled 44,000 head. The 2024 lamb crop was estimated at 120,000 head, up 4 percent from the 2023 lamb crop. Wool production for 2024 was 760,000 pounds, up 3 percent from 2023, with fleece weights averaging 5.6 pounds.
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